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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet I.

G. H. JOHNSON.

HARROW AND OULTIVATOR. No. 298,858. Patented May 20, 1.884.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G.H.JOHNS0N. HARROW AND GULTIVAT OR. No; 298,858 Patented May 20, 1884.

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JOHNSON.

HARROW AND GULTIVATOR.

No. 298,858. Patented May 20, 1884.

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GEORGE II. JOHNSON, OF SALISBURY FURNACE, VIRGINIA.

HARROW AND. CULTIVATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 298,858, dated May 20, 1884..

Application filed November 20, 1883. (No model.)

To wZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. JOHNSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Salisbury Furnace,-in the county of Botetourt and State of Virginia, have invented a new and useful Harrow and Cultivator, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to harrows and cultivators; and it consists in certain improvements in the construction of the same having for their object to produce a machine which shall possess superior advantages in point of durability and general eficiency.

To this end it consists in certain improvements in the construction of the same, which will be hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

I11 the drawings hereto annexed, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved harrow, showing the same in position for operation. Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the harrowin the act of discharging accumulated rubbish. Fig. 8 is a plan view showing the machine converted into a cultivator. Fig. 4 is a bottom view showing the rear teeth set at an angle, for the purpose of leveling and smoothing. Fig. 5 is a side view showing the machine converted into a flexible harrow. Fig. 6 is a detail view illustrating the preferred construction of the standards. Fig. 7 is a de tail view of one of the runners. Fig. 8 is a detail view of the rear end of the tongue, showing the method of hinging the same.

The same letters refer to the same parts in all the figures.

A in the drawings designates the central or main beam of my improved harrow, and B and O are respectively the front and rear beams, all of which are parallel to each other. The rear side of the main beam A has bearings D for a shaft or'axle, E, the ends of which extend beyond the ends of the said main beam.

F and F designate, respectively, the front and rear standards, all of which are or may be constructed alike. Said standards consist, mainly, of curved or V-shaped beams, the upper ends of which are flattened and provided with perforations G, to receive the bolts H, by means of which the said standards are secured to the beams of the harrow. The lower ends of the standards terminate in plates I,

having overhanging flanges J, and the lower ends of the said plates have perforations K, to receive transverse bolts L, upon which are pivoted theteeth M, which consist of flat plates of equilateral triangular shape, one side of which rests in the flange J, whereby the tooth is retained in .proper position. The teeth, it will be seen, may be readily turned so as to expose a new cutting-edge when the one originally exposed has become worn.

The construction of the standards may be varied, when desiredthus, for instance, the flange J may be omitted, and transverse bolts be employed to retain the teeth in position when adjusted, and I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself in this respect.

The front standards, F, have their rear ends attached to the main beam A of the harrow by means of vertical bolts H, alternately with or intermediately arranged between the front ends of the rear standards, F which are likewise attached to the beam Aby means of bolts H. Vertical bolts H likewise serve to attach the front ends of the front standards, F, to the front beam, B, and the rear ends of the rear standards, F to the rear beam, 0. The at taehment by the bolts Hbeing,in a sense,pivotal,will' enable either the front or the rear beam, or both, to be moved laterally to either side, thus changing all the standards attached thereto to a diagonal position, as illustrated in Fig. 4 of the drawings. In this figure the rear standards and teeth only have thus been set at an angle, thus causing the front teeth to cut the soil and the rear teeth to serve more especially to break the clods and level the ground. The most advantageous adjustment of the teeth will, however, readily suggest itself to the practical operator. The front and rear beams, when properly adjusted, are retained in position by means of hooked rods N, hinged or pivoted to the beam A, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and engaging recesses or perforations O in the beams B and C, respectively. The hooked rods ,or braces may be adjusted diagonally, in order to prevent vibration or displacement of the beams B and G. The proj ecting ends of the shaft or axle E are equipped with runners I. The said runners consist each of an arm, Q, having at its upper end an opening, R, in which is secured a box or sleeve, S, secured by means of a bolt, T, pass ing through a transverse opening in the said arm and engaging a notch, U, in the sleeve S, which is thereby retained in position. The bolt T also engages one of a series of notches,

V, in the end of the axle, thereby securing the sleeve and arm rigidly upon the same in the position to which it has been adjusted. The ends of the arms Q carry segments or fellies W, shod with metallic strips or bands X X, the ends of which are bent up so as to formbraces Y, the ends of which are secured to the arms Q, as shown, thereby greatly strengthening the said runners. "When not in use, the runners are supported upon latches Z, hingedat the outer ends of the rear beam, 0, of the machine in such a manner that they will readily swing in an upward direction, but be prevented from dropping down by the ends of the beam upon which they rest. The outer ends of the latches Z have upturned hooks A and their inner ends are provided with stops B, which will prevent them from falling back upon the beam. The front ends of the runners P are provided with loops or eyes 0 which may be connected by chains D with the ends of the front beam, B, for the purpose which will be hereinafter stated. The main beam A is provided on its upper side with a centrally-located bail or staple, E to which the tongue T is hinged by means of a strap, G, which is bent around the said staple, and has its ends inserted into a slit or kerf, H formed horizontally in the rear end of the tongue, where it is retained by means of a bolt or bolts, 1.

For the attachment of the draft the tongue carries the double-tree J", which may be adjusted longitudinally, for the purpose of cansing the tongue to bear upon the front beam of the harrow with any desired degree of pressure, and thus regulating the depth to which the harrow shall be'caused to enter the ground. The tongue is also connected with the front harrow-beam by means of adjustable diagonal braces K the inner ends of which are connected detachably with the said harrow-beam by means of clevises L, which may be readily detached when desired, thus enabling the tongue to be reversed or thrown over upon the rear beam, 0, which is provided with perforations M to receive the bolts of the clevises L It will be noticed that the teeth of the harrow are set or arranged in such a manner as to present avertical or nearly vertical cutting-edge to the front. The rear edges of the teeth are therefore in an inclined position. It follows that by reversing the draft, as described, and as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3 of the drawings, the inclined cutting-edges will be brought into play, and serve more particularly to level the soil and crush the clods without digging deeply into the soil, and this may be accomplished, owing to the nature of the construction of the device, with a very light draft and small expenditure of power.

N is a beam hinged upon the axle or shaft E in rear of the main beam A, and having a When desired, the front ends trated in Fig. 5 of the drawings, and the operation of the harrow, when thus converted, and the advantages derived therefrom will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which it app'ertains.

The operation and advantages of myinvention will be readily understood from the fore-- going description, taken in connection with the drawings hereto annexed.

When it is desired to transport the machine to or from the field, the runners are thrown over in a forward direction until they rest upon the ground. When the draft is applied, the points of the runners will catch in the ground, thus causing the runners to partly revolveand elevate the harrow to the position shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, in which po sition it is retained by means of the chains connecting the said runners with the front beam, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2. WVhen the place is reached at which it is de; sired to commence operations, the chains are unhooked, thus causing the harrow to tilt or drop forwardly off the runners, which may now be lifted or elevated by the operator until they pass the latches or supports hinged to the rear beam. When the runners are released, they will drop back upon the said latches, and remain firmly supported upon the same during operation.

When the machine is to be used simply as a harrow, the standards and teeth are generally allowed to remain straight,.as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Then the object is more particularly to level the soil and crush the clods, one or both sets of standards are preferably adjusted at an angle, as shown in Fig. 4. When no great cutting power is required, the tongue is reversed.

When it is desired to clear the harrow-teeth of accumulated rubbish, it is only necessary to throw the runners over forwardly, thus causing the body of the harrow to be elevated, as

shown in'Fig. 2, thus dumping the rubbish and lifting the harrow over clear of the same. This having been done, the operator only has to lift the runners until they again rest upon the automatic latches provided for their support.

When a flexible harrow is desired, the front ends of the rear standards are shifted from the shaft or axle in rear of the same.

When it is desired to convert the machine The central standards of the front set are also removed, and the rear ends of the remaining front standards are shifted to the positions previously occupied by the front ends of the rear standards, thus placing all the front standards at an angle to the beam. They may of course be placed so as to throw the dirt either toward or from the center, as shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, respectively in full and in dotted lines. The machine will then straddle the row of plants, and its operation is obvious.

The front ends of the braces which connect the tongue with the front beam of the harrow are longitudinallyadjustable upon the said tongue by means of the transverse connectingbolt. By this adjustment the front end of the tongue may be raised or lowered, and the angle of the cutting-edges of the teeth thereby adjusted.

The construction of my improved harrow, as will be seen from the foregoing description, is simple and inexpensive. It is strong and durable, efficient in operation, easily manipulated, and capable of being converted to avariety of uses.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States i 1. In a harrow, the combination, with the parallel center and front and rear beams, of the curved or angular tooth-carrying standards, pivotally connecting the said center beam with the front and rear beams, whereby the said front and rear beams may be adjusted so as to regulate the position of the standards in relation to the center beam, and hooked rods connecting the center beam adjustably with both the front and rear beams, as set forth.

2. In a harrow, the combination of the center beam, the parallel front and rear beams, the standardsconneeting said front and rear beams with the center beam, and equipped with triangular teeth, a tongue hinged to the center beam, and means for connecting the said tongue with either the front or the rear beam, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of the center beam, the front and rear beams, the standards connecting the said front and rear beams with the center beam and having the triangular teeth, the tongue hinged to the center beam, and

' diagonal braces connected adjustably to the said tongue and having clevises, wherebythey may be connected to either the front or the rear beam, substantially as set forth.

4.. In a harrow of the class described, the herein-described tooth-carrying standard, consisting of a curved or angular beam, having flattened and perforated ends to receive the connecting-bolts, and terminating at its lower end in a plate having an overhanging flange and a transverse opening, and an equilateral triangular tooth secured to the said standard by a transverse bolt, the upper edge of said tooth fitting under the overhanging flange, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of the center beam, the front and rear beams, the tooth-carrying stan dards eonnectin g said front an d rear beams 6 5 with the center beam by means of vertical connecting-bolts, a shaft or axle j ournaled to the rear side of the center beam, and a vertically-perforated beam hinged upon the said shaft or axle, and adapted to receive the connecting-bolts of the front ends of the rear standards, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of the center beam, the front and rear beams, the tooth carrying standards pivotally connecting the said front and rear beams with the center beam, supporting-latches hinged upon theends of the rear beam, a shaft or axle j ournaled to the rear side of the center beam, and rotary runners secured upon the ends of the said shaft or axle, substantially as set forth.

7 In a harrow constructed substantially as described, the herein-described rotary runner, consisting of an arm, a segmental felly secured to the end of the same, and a strap or tire secured to the said felly,and having its ends bent up and secured to the said arm at some distance from the felly, which is thereby braced and secured, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination of the shaft or axle having notched ends, the runners constructed substantially as described, and having notched sleeves or boxes, and the transverse securingbolts engaging the notches in the said sleeves or boxes and in the ends of the shaft or axle, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of the center beam, the front and rear beams, the tooth carrying standards connecting the said front and rear beams with the center beam, the shaft or axle journaled to the rear side of the center beam, the rotary runners mounted upon the said axle and having loops or eyes at their front ends, and chains secured to the ends of the front beam, and capable of being connected detachably with the runners; substantially as set forth. I

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE H. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

G. B. THREE, 0. W. DASHIELL. 

